Even the Monsters. Living with Grief, Loss, and Depression: A Journey Through the Book of Job

Paper Stone Press

Oakville, ON, Canada

www.paperstonepress.com

First Edition Published: October 3, 2015

Second Edition (Paper Stone Press Edition) Published: February 10, 2022

Copyright © 2021 by Daryl Potter

All rights reserved. Without limiting rights reserved under the copyright above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior, written permission of the copyright owner.

Oakville, ON, Canada

Paperback ISBN: 9781777557867

Hardcover ISBN: 9781777557874

Large Print ISBN: 9781777557881

eBook (ePub) ISBN: 9781777557898

Audiobook ISBN: 9781990388002

Biblical quotations are organized, with their associated copyright notices, as follows:

Unless otherwise noted, all biblical quotations in chapters 1–48 of this book (which cover chapters 1–31 of the book of Job) are from the ESV translation of the Bible and are subject to the following copyright notice:

Scripture quotations are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® (ESV®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Unless otherwise noted, all biblical quotations from chapters 49 onward (which equates to the examination of chapters 32–42 of the book of Job) are from the NIV translation of the Bible and are subject to the following copyright notice:

Scripture taken from The Holy Bible, New International Version®, copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 Biblica.

Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved.

Please see the appendix at the end of this book for more information regarding this division of biblical quotations.

Edited by Amelia Wiens of Amelia Wiens Editing

Proofread by S. Robin Larin of Robin Editorial

Cover design and typeset by Damonza

Contents

1: Blameless and Upright

2: Know Your Enemy

3: What Do You Say?

4: A First Look at Job’s First Trial

5: A Second Look at the First Trial: The Pattern

6: Grief Misunderstood

7: After Grief, Prayer

8: A Reminder of Who the Enemy Is

9: Finding the Truth

10: The First Six Months

11: A Literary Detour

12: Cursing a Birth

13: Where Things Start to Go Wrong

14: A Mysterious Messenger

15: Eliphaz Restates His Case for the Standard View

16: Righteous Anger

17: Different Kinds of Trials

18: A Turn Inward

19: An Existential Cry

20: Bildad the Rude

21: The Spirit’s Contrary View Expanded

22: The Story So Far

23: Job Starts Mocking

24: Reality Is a Mess

25: Job Rebukes His Friends

26: Going for Broke

27: Hope from a Tree and a Missing Question

28: Eliphaz Is Inspired to Rudeness

29: Miserable Comforters

30: Accusing God

31: Bildad and the Plural You

32: Job’s Maturity

33: Zophar’s Therefore

34: Redefining Comfort

35: Debunking the Logic of the Standard View

36: The Hardening of the Categories

37: Motivation Matters

38: The Private Effort of Self-control

39: Bildad’s Befuddled Third Speech

40: Job Goes on the Offensive

41: Job Is Uncompromising

42: Where Can Wisdom Be Found?

43: True but Not Useful

44: Noble Character

45: Hitting Bottom

46: Minimum Standards

47: The Final Standards

48: Isn’t It Time for God to Say Something?

49: Introducing the Fourth Friend: Elihu

50: Elihu Has an Issue with Job

51: Job Calls God a Liar

52: Culling the Herd

53: Think Bigger

54: A Commitment to Accuracy

55: Let’s Get Practical

56: Listen Carefully

57: People Forming Opinions in the Dark

58: God of the Morning

59: Concluding God’s First Speech

60: Job’s Passive-Aggressive Response

61: A Rebuke and Command to Engage

62: The Monster Comes

63: Introducing God’s First Monster

64: God’s Second Monster

65: Wanting to Know Things

66: Not Knowing

67: Job’s Change of Heart

68: Definite Information

69: New Blessings

70: Happily Ever After?

For my wife, Carolyn,

my Cinnamon Girl and

my life’s companion

on this and every journey.

A Personal Introduction

In the rugged and beautiful land of British Columbia, in the year 2000, I began a journey through the book of Job. It is a journey that has lasted for over two decades now. I did not sign up for it. Not explicitly. I volunteered for a simple, short assignment. That was all. I did not intend to change the rest of my life.

A minister friend of mine, Jamie Robbins, gave me the following opportunity and challenge: to prepare and deliver a three-part sermon series on a book in the Bible. I was not a preacher—I was the manager of a securities brokerage office. The challenge, however, appealed to my intellectual curiosity and pride. I accepted the challenge and signed up to prepare and deliver an engaging trio of sermons. Jamie gave me the freedom to choose whatever book I wished. I chose Job.

I did not volunteer to study Job for twenty years and counting.

I did not sign up to have my life turned upside down and my comfortable happiness torn apart.

I was not expecting what happened—and neither was my wife who accompanied me on this journey.

I thought I was choosing to study Job for a short three-part sermon series. Instead, God was choosing me. The book of Job is one of the many texts God has given as his Word to us, but God also works through life events in the present day, in real time. In my case, God walked me to his book about Job and then, once I was oriented, introduced life circumstances that shattered my shallow understanding of his poem and hollowed out my childhood faith and hope. It has been the most painful and heartbreaking experience of my life.

I would like to share this journey, here, with you, not because my story must be told—we all have stories, and your story is no less important than mine. But I would like to share this journey with you because too often I find that, when it comes to books about the Bible and personal spiritual growth, the scholarly and the practical are separated by an unacceptable divide. The depth in the academic literature is obtuse and inaccessible to the nonacademic. Accessibility in the more personal accounts often sacrifices accuracy, richness, and lasting meaning by mainly focusing on emotional and subjective material. The scholarly cannot be easily digested, and the popular supplies inadequate nutrition. My initial three-part sermon series would have fallen into the category of accessible junk food had it ever been presented—as quickly forgotten by its preacher as its audience.

*

Our journey starts in Job chapter one, but you should know a few things about my wife and me before we begin. A brief content warning: the next three paragraphs will cover some personal material covering two sexual assaults. This is background material to help you understand the lens through which I approach the book of Job and these life experiences. You can skip the next three paragraphs if this sort of material is too difficult for you. It won’t come up again in the rest of this book.

My wife, Carolyn, grew up with an alcoholic father who modeled marriage and parenting with his fists and an acidic tongue. He had a lasting effect on her perception of fathers, the institution of marriage, and men in general. Following her childhood, the sinful and damaging relationship abuses that are all too common in what the world calls romance came next. A sexual assault left additional emotional wounds. This history of abuse almost seemed to be a coordinated effort to permanently harden my future bride’s heart and soul. If that was indeed the plan, it backfired. A neighbor invited Carolyn to church. She studied the Bible and became a Christian. At twenty-five years old, my wife-to-be was done with the world.

In stark contrast to the world’s pattern of behavior, the first time I ever kissed my wife was on a stage in front of several hundred witnesses, seconds after the minister said, You may kiss your bride. It was lightning. Our honeymoon was everything a honeymoon should be. But as the intimacy and joy that we found in each other increased, so did my wife’s sense of risk and fear. She had a strong and abiding knowledge of relationship abuse and knew much more about how relationships could go wrong than how they might go right. Post-honeymoon, those tensions within her exploded across our relationship. Our marriage was a catalyst that drove long-buried wounds to the surface.

My background was more straightforward. I had a preacher for a father and a homemaker mother. I never saw my father raise a hand or a voice in anger. I did, however, experience a sexual assault when I was in my early teens. We lived in the country, and one day, wandering the shores of the Sacramento River in Northern California, I was discovered by a pedophile who didn’t see an innocent, skinny preacher’s kid on his own; he saw prey. In some respects, the police statements, the suspect lineup, and the courtroom drama that followed left a stronger mark than the actual assault. The assault was short-lived, sudden, and aborted. I was big enough to escape before suffering the worst of my attacker’s intentions. But the small-town sheriff’s department, the witness statement, and the legal hearing held social dangers for a teen boy that dwarfed all else. The anticipation, humiliation, stage fright, shame, public discovery, and aftermath were more vivid than anything I had ever experienced before. I lost innocence in several categories. I lost all my friends but one—the one not lost lived nearly two thousand miles away. Perhaps I drove the others away. Time plays tricks on memory, and I’m inclined to be more charitable as I get older.

I was in my twenties before I made another friend—before I accepted friendship again. Trust, or lack thereof, is not always a rational process. One evil man did not represent the world of people, but my juvenile response suggested otherwise. The only resource I had to help me through was my own meager psychological toolbox, that of a lonely adolescent in a small farming community in Northern California. Living ten miles from the nearest town and choosing to finish high school from home compounded with my poor coping skills. All that isolation left its mark. I’d been brutally bucked from the social horse. Rather than reintegrate socially, rather than get back in the saddle, I sold the saddle, turned the horse into glue, and burned down the barn.

In addition to leaving my social life behind, as soon as I was old enough, I left both religion and my parent’s geography behind as well. I moved away from that small town where my dad was the preacher. I left the state. I left the country. Two weeks after turning nineteen, I emigrated back to Canada, the country of my birth. I went to university to study science and make a good atheist of myself and give myself the freedom to indulge in the chemical, social, and sexual sins that I felt I had been robbed of in my teen years. I gradually discovered that I knew better. My sin only succeeded in making me disgusting even to myself.

I began shopping for a church. Six months later, my eventual church home found me. A stranger invited me. Through the course of my studies, I discovered I had never been a Christian at all. Understanding the Bible and being able to apply it to my own life and character had escaped me. I became a Christian finally at twenty-one.

So I, too, walked into marriage not perfectly equipped. To be frank, I was socially inept. My social development was measurably and obviously seven years behind my peers. When I married at twenty-seven, I had the clear-eyed vision of the inexperienced and the skill set of the clueless to complement my wife’s sudden eruption of what I pejoratively thought of as her issues. There were fireworks. The intimate aspects were beautiful—our relationship maturity, however, was not good.

Every marriage has its stuff, its history, and often the participants bring an inadequate supply of wisdom and useful experience to the relationship. Proverbs says that love covers a multitude of sins, and this is remarkably evident in any successful marriage. But covering sin is not always about love. Sometimes it is about cowardice, and I was a social coward with a volatile wife. I was in a marriage that terrified me. I had turned the social horse into glue and burned its barn when I was still just a boy. Married, I was back in the saddle—glued to the saddle. She was with me for life. I loved her, and I was afraid.

Like many newlyweds, we were communication misfits, but we loved each other, and so we were determined to learn and grow together. And we succeeded.

*

By the time this journey through the book of Job started, we had been married for three and a half years, our marriage was stronger than it had ever been, and Carolyn was pregnant with our first child.

When my preacher friend Jamie suggested that I study a book of the Bible to preach a three-week series in the coming months, I tackled the new challenge with enthusiasm. I spent a few months studying Job. In digging up materials to supplement my understanding, I encountered a volume entitled A Handbook on the Book of Job. It was a translator’s handbook by the United Bible Society. It was heavy, overly thick, and very dry. After thumbing through a few off-putting pages, I put it back on the bookstore shelf.

I also had in my library a book my parents had given me years before: Conflict and Triumph: The Argument of the Book of Job Unfolded by William Henry Green, first published in 1873. Green had been the chair of Biblical and Oriental Literature at Princeton Theological Seminary for nearly fifty years. His book was a scholarly work, but wading through the text would have taken far more effort than I cared to devote to this simple speaking assignment. I don’t think I even took it out of its storage box.

Without these tools, I pulled together the outline for a short series on the book of Job. I strung together some witty observations, a few practical applications, and a snap judgment or two. I tied this bundle together with a nice oratory bow, ready for delivery at the appointed time. The church calendar shifted, and the congregation no longer had a preaching gap for this series, so we canceled it. The change in direction did not bother me as I had not put a lot of effort into the series, and we had a baby on the way. Plenty of other exciting life developments laid claim to my attention.

I set my notes on Job aside as the year 2001 dawned. Carolyn and I were a month shy of our fourth wedding anniversary and in perfect health, had two incomes, a healthy baby on the way, and were living in one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Life was perfect.

And then, three and a half weeks early, in early February, our daughter, Mackenzie Emily Potter was born.

We went to bed tired and happy on a Friday night, and Carolyn woke that Saturday morning already in the early stages of labor. Our baby was early, but not alarmingly so, and we leisurely gathered our things together. I have a picture of Carolyn from that morning before we left the house. She was unutterably, breathtakingly beautiful. Most brides can only dream of looking as beautiful as my wife looked that morning getting ready to deliver a baby—and I’ve got the picture to prove it.

We arrived at the hospital midmorning. The delivery was natural and drug free other than a gas mask to ease the hardest contractions. If there were a script for the perfect delivery, I would imagine that our daughter Mackenzie’s delivery would fit the bill.

I used to talk to my baby girl in the womb. I would put my head near my wife’s growing belly and tell my girl stories of fatherly love and fantastic adventures to come. When she was born, I cut the cord, and she cried up a terrible storm as the staff washed and inspected and delivered her to Carolyn’s arms. I finally spoke to her as she lay crying, skin to skin on my wife’s breast. And she stopped. At the sound of my voice, she stopped crying. Her wobbly newborn head pivoted, unfocused eyes staring around. She knew me. She knew my voice—and she stopped crying at the sound of it. She knows her daddy’s voice, the delivery nurse said.

I gave Mackenzie her first bath that night, changed her first micro-diaper, and my wife and I took turns holding her.

She was born on a Saturday evening. We went home on Monday. The following Friday, a nurse came by to visit. Mackenzie had dropped several more ounces. She was below the minimum healthy range the medical textbooks described, and this caused some concern. The nurse booked a follow-up for the next Monday. When we measured her that Monday, Mackenzie’s weight had dropped further, and so the nurse arranged for us to visit the breastfeeding clinic at the Vancouver General Hospital.

Mackenzie was the most beautiful baby girl I had ever seen. Six pounds, nine ounces of innocence. I had two weeks of vacation time set aside for this baby honeymoon. Friends brought us home-cooked meals. We slept when she slept, and we talked about dreams and plans for the future. One of my happiest memories from that first week is feeling Mackenzie while she was tucked into the warmth against my ribs, her little lips puckered, her little chest rising and falling rhythmically, breathing in mommy and daddy’s warm scent and affection as she slept. I would have fought lions barehanded for this little six-pound girl, but all I was tasked to do was breathe quietly and keep her safe and warm as she slept, and I was happy. I remember looking at my wife as our daughter slept between us, thinking it could not get any better. We enjoyed our cozy baby honeymoon immensely, and I had no fears about the upcoming appointment.

During that period, my wife asked me to share the Job lessons that I’d written with her. I no longer have the notes, but I recall that the material for a trio of lessons amounted to half a dozen handwritten pages, which I cheerfully shared and then forgot.

I was near the end of my second week of two weeks’ vacation when we set off for that Vancouver General Hospital appointment. We brought a picnic lunch with us. The appointment would take an hour, and then we would head over to Stanley Park for a nice afternoon in the mild late February sunshine beside the ocean. Vancouver’s beautiful weather dashes the international stereotype of Canada as a universally frozen Arctic region. The myth within Canada that Vancouver is a permanently rainy depression bowl is propaganda meant to keep Torontonians and Quebeckers on their side of the Rockies. It was a beautiful, sunny day.

The appointment at Vancouver General Hospital did not go well. The simple checkup developed into a series of consultations and a general buzz that we were slow to understand. It was a medical vibe that, over the following years, we developed the radar to recognize at its first triggering—but the buzz escaped us this first time. We noticed it but did not understand it. The commotion culminated in a recommendation that hurriedly sent us from Vancouver General Hospital’s breastfeeding clinic, not to Stanley Park and a picnic, but to the emergency room at BC Children’s Hospital.

We arrived at the Children’s Hospital in a flurry of activity, still not entirely clear what the fuss was about. I was instructed to hold Mackenzie down while the staff inserted an IV line in her wrist. The vein burst. Another wrist. Another burst vein. Another attempt. Failure. My ten-day-old daughter wailed and fixed her father with desperate eyes as the nurses tried veins in both wrists and both ankles until they finally found a vein strong enough to hold the tiniest available needle.

Throughout the rest of that day, Mackenzie alternated between crying and sleeping. She lay on her comically oversized gurney, wedged into the safe center with rolls of blankets and towels. Doctors came through and asked questions. Interns came by and asked the same questions. Then the lab specialists. Then the pediatrician. Then the medical students. Then the next shift came on, and we reenacted the same routine with a new wave of doctors, interns, lab specialists, a pediatrician, and a fresh crop of students. Over and over again, we answered the same questions. By the end of that day, we knew that she was dehydrated, and yes, she was still losing weight, and no, what this meant was not clear.

As the sun set that evening, we were sent to our third hospital that day. We drove ourselves and our baby from Vancouver across Burnaby to New Westminster. A bed was available in the pediatric unit there. We arrived, traumatized, still unsure of what was going on. We searched for a long time, trying to find the entrance to this hospital on a hill. Once inside, we wandered the strange, dimly lit halls, trying to identify the pediatric unit. Once we had discovered it, we explained our situation over and over again to various administrative staff and medical professionals until, after much questioning and searching, we discovered someone who was expecting us. We then reexplained Mackenzie’s first ten days of life and just over eight months of pregnancy. No, my wife did not smoke or drink or fall down any stairs. Yes, the delivery had been relatively uneventful—more eventful than any Saturday either of us had ever experienced before, but from a medical point of view, a complete yawner. And then we explained it all again to another person in a long coat. And then another. And then a fourth. This was our third hospital admission that day, and the questions were endless. In the years to come, my wife would prepare a printout that we carried around with us everywhere listing medications, symptoms, and the like to hand to medical staff—each got a personal copy. It was practical. On this night, though, we weren’t there yet. This night, we were unprepared and afraid of what was happening.

Mackenzie’s bed that night was in a room with perhaps a dozen other beds. The children in that large ward faced all manner of illness and injury. It was a long, dark room of beds without even the privacy of curtains. I had never seen a room like it before, nor have I seen one since. It was like something from the 1940s—something from a war movie, perhaps. The lights were kept dim in the mid-evening hours, and the atmosphere made the room feel like a place people are sentenced to endure rather than volunteer to stay.

Stanley Park was supposed to take the spotlight in the day’s original script. Instead, we found ourselves sidetracked into this alternate reality. Our baby honeymoon was over. Picnic plans seemed like another life ago.

So much of what happened now seems like another lifetime altogether.

You might say that when I first started studying Job and prepared that forgettable sermon series to accompany it, I was just buying a ticket for a journey. I did not recognize that that’s what I was doing, but it was a start. On this day, as we checked unexpectedly into three different hospitals, the journey began in earnest. This was not a one-day hospital visit. Though I did not know it at the time, it was not just my daughter who was in trouble. This day, the train left the station, and there was no turning back. I had no idea what was coming around the bend or around the one after that.

*

One last word before we begin: my personal journey, and a thorough study of Job, are woven together throughout this book. We will leave no stone unturned as we work through God’s ancient poem, and as we go, I’ll share with you how my journey progressed. If this qualifies as a commentary on the book of Job, then it is a very personal one. I no longer see how Job can be understood in any way except through a personal lens. There will be times in our study where it appears that the personal story has been forgotten. In these places, God’s ancient poem demands our undivided attention, so my story would only distract from the truths that need our focus. By contrast, there will also be places where it appears that I’ve forgotten the book of Job altogether as I share my personal journey with you. The twin themes of textual study and personal experience are woven together deliberately. One, by the grace of God, will illuminate the other. More specifically, the personal parts will help the modern reader connect with some of the passages that would not be as meaningful with only a purely literary analysis. The book of Job requires emotional connection, not just academic understanding. Emotion is a key component of its message. We’ll explore what that means as we get into the text itself.

But enough preamble. The book of Job starts in chapter one. So let’s go there.

1

Blameless and Upright

Here is how

the book of Job starts.

¹There was a man in the land of Uz whose name was Job, and that man was blameless and upright, one who feared God and turned away from evil. ²There were born to him seven sons and three daughters. ³He possessed 7,000 sheep, 3,000 camels, 500 yoke of oxen, and 500 female donkeys, and very many servants, so that this man was the greatest of all the people of the east.

Job 1:1–3¹

Beyond the conspicuous lack of details about the land of Uz, the first thing that stands out about Job is that he was blameless and upright.

The phrase blameless and upright in English sounds repetitive. But the two original words in Hebrew convey two distinct ideas: that Job was both morally good (blameless) and spiritually good (upright).²

Job’s moral goodness meant that he was the kind of man you’d like to have as a neighbor. A good citizen. Fair. Honest. What we might call, generally, a good man.

The second concept, upright, speaks to Job’s spiritual standing before God. He was a person in a right relationship with God.

This distinction between Job’s two kinds of goodness is important. You can have one without the other. More precisely, you can have moral goodness (blamelessness) without spiritual goodness (uprightness). This distinction will be important later in Job as these concepts blur and then are pulled apart in discussions between Job and his friends.

It is not just the narrator that makes this distinction. In Job 1:8, God himself refers to Job as a blameless and upright man, who fears God and turns away from evil.

In Job 2:8, God again uses the phrase blameless and upright, a man who fears God and turns away from evil to describe Job.

In his speech in chapters twenty-nine and thirty, Job looks back on his early life before the troubles came, and he describes himself as having been both morally good (referencing his community standing and community service) and spiritually good (describing a life in which God’s friendship blessed his house).

This distinction between moral and spiritual goodness carries on throughout the book of Job. We will come back to this topic again later in our study. For now, let’s move on.

Super Rich

The second thing in this passage that strikes me is how rich Job was. Here was a person who had both earned God’s praise for being morally and spiritually good and had acquired a great deal of wealth.

For the modern reader, particularly one without a rural or farming background or an academic appreciation for ancient economics, a livestock census may not be a clear or compelling marker of Job’s status in his society. It is worth taking a moment to evaluate how truly wealthy Job was to better understand my later arguments.

First of all, what do farmers do with sheep? Job had seven thousand of them. Having that many sheep suggests that Job likely owned two separate operations for producing meat and wool. Of course, you need to kill sheep to sell their meat, so a subsidiary breeding operation would have been a significant component of this sort of enterprise. If half of Job’s sheep were female and only 10 percent were of the appropriate age and health to breed successfully, each spring would have seen three hundred and fifty births. Clearly, this is a grossly conservative number. How many flocks would a population of seven thousand sheep be divided into? How many shepherds would be hired to tend and protect those sheep throughout the year? How many shearers? How many would package the wool for transport and sale? Was Job a grower and wholesaler only? Or did he have a textile operation as well? How many workers were engaged in monitoring the breeding operations? How many engaged in culling animals for the market, dealing with diseased or injured animals, and properly disposing of the bodies of the inevitable casualties of a harsh environment to avoid attracting predators? As the verse states, Job had a large number of servants. The sheep side of Job’s operation alone would have had hundreds of workers. Let’s call it fifty workers just to be super conservative.

Five hundred yoke of oxen is the next animal listed. What does a farm use oxen for? Certainly, oxen can be raised for their meat, but the verse explicitly describes them as five hundred yoke of oxen. A yoke is a large brace that straddles the neck and shoulders of laboring animals and can then be attached to a plow, wagon, or some other piece of equipment. Oxen, in other words, were the farm tractors of Job’s day. If Job had five hundred yoke of oxen, how many actual animals was this? These may have been single-yoke animals—one ox per yoke. Often two were attached to a yoke, pulling in tandem. Attaching three, four, or even more oxen to a single yoke was not unheard of either. The more oxen on a yoke, the bigger the tractor engine handling the plowing burden. Multiple oxen on one yoke could do more work but still only needed one driver. So how many actual oxen did Job have? Five hundred? One thousand? Fifteen hundred? It would have been some multiple of the original five hundred (you can’t put half an ox on a yoke!), but the primary point for our purposes is that Job had five hundred yoke. Put into modern terms, that meant Job had five hundred tractors. What does a farmer do with tractors? He pulls loads, plows ground, drags seeders, turns grinders, and powers irrigation equipment. In Job 1:14, we learn that plowing had been on the agenda for these animals at the very minimum. In other words, Job had an agricultural operation to complement his wool, meat, and breed stock operations and had five hundred tractors to do the work.

How many workers were required to operate five hundred yoke of oxen? If all the animals were working, then five hundred drivers. The likelihood of every yoke ever being out in the fields all at once is unlikely. Animals can be injured, too young, or otherwise incapable of working. Oxen breed, and a wise farmer would not risk a miscarried calf by using a pregnant ox for heavy plowing. Even if Job’s maximum productivity was to have 50 percent of his animals in service (and there is a strong motivation to maximize productivity as these animals would cost him sheep pasture, water, predator protection, and other expenses), that would have required at least two hundred and fifty drivers.

So we’re looking at a worker population of at least three hundred workers between the sheep business and the oxen. This assumes that the oxen drivers were also the grain harvesters and bailers—a multitasking assumption that is very conservative.

Now, what about these camels? They could have been raised for meat and milk; however, transport seems a more likely purpose. There were no transport trucks available to show up at the farm at regular intervals. There was no local train station. Sheep shearing would have been a spring activity, and perhaps the harvest would have started in late summer and continued through the fall. Depending on the climate, they may even have grown winter crops. In any live animal sales, they would have made the animals walk themselves to market, but Job’s apparent crop and textile (or at least wool production) operations would have required extensive market hauling. Grain and wool don’t walk themselves to market. Camels seem like a good solution. How many camels did Job have? Three thousand. Imagine a farm with three thousand trucks! Granted, some of these camels would not have been suitable for transportation duties. In particular, pregnant or juvenile animals might have been spared long-haul duties. Still, these considerations and complications expand the scope of Job’s operations rather than diminish them, adding camel breeding to the existing sheep- and ox-breeding components of the farm.

To camels, let’s add donkeys: five hundred female donkeys. Presumably, male donkeys were present as well. Donkeys are not as strong as oxen. Job 1:14 describes how the oxen were plowing while the donkeys were grazing, suggesting that plowing duties, at least for that crop or season, were off the agenda for the donkeys. But donkeys are useful load haulers as well, particularly if the loads are stacked in packs or loaded on wagons.

At the risk of oversimplifying, to add some valuable modern context, we might describe Job’s farm this way: if the oxen were the tractors and the camels were the big long-haul rigs, then the donkeys were the pickup trucks. They were mixed-use machines. They were less efficient than the oxen at plowing and the camels at carrying, but that lack of specialization also meant that they were more flexible and could work where needed to enhance productivity across the farm. And, in a culture different from my own, perhaps donkeys could have also been a source of meat and milk. If we think of the donkey as Job’s version of the utilitarian Western plow horse, we start to get a clearer picture of what Job’s farm was like. How many cowboys to round up and manage five hundred donkeys?

The text says that Job also had a large number of other servants. Hundreds of servants. Shepherds and shearers. Harvesters. Drivers. Market sellers who negotiated prices, collected payment, and managed the farm’s accounts. Plowmen. General laborers to handle irrigation, prune crops, build fences, protect livestock, repair equipment. If there was not just a wholesale wool operation but also a textile business, then there must also have been washers and carders and spinners and weavers.

The text itself reminds us that this man was the greatest of all the people of the east (Job 1:3b). Job wasn’t just a farmer. He was a very rich man who had an extensive agriculture and livestock operation, possibly a value-added textile operation, and definitely his own transportation division. The people he employed were not just general laborers. Such a large operation would have required foremen to oversee the laborers and additional supervisors to oversee the foremen and specific divisions of Job’s business, filling roles that today we might define as operations managers or general managers.

And he had ten kids, including seven sons who would undoubtedly have been closely involved with Job’s various businesses, learning the ropes for the operation that would one day become their collective inheritance.

Cursing Misunderstood

As we’ve already discussed, Job was not only a very wealthy person; the text also repeatedly describes him as a man who was blameless and upright, one who feared God and turned away from evil. Not your stereotypical positioning of the rich in scripture! These next two verses in Job 1:4–5, however, seem at odds with that image:

⁴His sons used to go and hold a feast in the house of each one on his day, and they would send and invite their three sisters to eat and drink with them. ⁵And when the days of the feast had run their course, Job would send and consecrate them, and he would rise early in the morning and offer burnt offerings according to the number of them all. For Job said, It may be that my children have sinned, and cursed God in their hearts. Thus Job did continually.

Job 1:4–5

What kind of father was Job if he let his children party all night long and curse God in their hearts, attempting to paper it over with a next-day sacrifice? Where was the fatherly instruction? Where was the concern for godliness in the next generation?

Was Job a good person but an incompetent father?

The fault here lies not with Job’s character but rather with the unfortunate translation of the word curse, which is the favored word in most English translations. The term curse in the original Hebrew does not mean what we in English understand curse to mean. The same Hebrew word is translated as bless in other passages. For example:

Early in the morning Laban arose and kissed his grandchildren and his daughters and blessed them. Then Laban departed and returned home.

Genesis 31:55

The word blessed here is the exact same Hebrew word translated as cursed in Job 1:4.

Here’s another example:

So Joshua blessed them and sent them away, and they went to their tents.

Joshua 22:6

The context in Joshua is the completion of the conquest of Canaan and the eastern tribes of Israel being released from their commitment to help their western brothers finish conquering and settling their side of the Jordan River. It was a happy time. Joshua didn’t curse the eastern tribes for their assistance; he blessed them. Their work was done. But the word blessed here is again the same word translated in Job 1:5 as cursed.

So was Job concerned that his children had blessed God in their hearts? This alternative translation doesn’t make sense either. The truth is not that mysterious.

Translation Complexity

The original Hebrew word does not mean to bless or curse. One of the challenges of translation work is finding a way to communicate the meaning of a word when that word just doesn’t exist in the other language. There is not always a clear one-to-one relationship between words across different languages.

We will talk about the difficulty of translating ancient Hebrew into modern English in more detail later. For now, perhaps it’s easiest to think of the original Hebrew word as meaning bid adieu or say goodbye. You can say goodbye to someone positively or negatively. In the case of Laban and Joshua, the intention of the passage is positive. Instead of translating that these men said goodbye in a positive manner, the translators of Genesis and Joshua used the word blessed. This, unfortunately, carries with it the image of a priestly or popish-style blessing which was not what Laban or Joshua were doing. They were simply saying goodbye in a manner like the modern Arabic greeting of as-salamu alaykum (peace be with you) used by Arabic-speaking Muslims and Christians. ³

Likewise, Job was concerned that, while partying it up with their brothers and sisters, his children might have said goodbye to God in their hearts. This wasn’t a fear that they had hostilely rejected God by cursing him. This was a concern that they had taken their leave of him in their hearts. In their focus on a good time, perhaps their hearts had drifted. Maybe they used some inappropriate language. Maybe they made some coarse jokes. Maybe they walked up to the line in the alcohol department—not drunk, but perhaps not one hundred percent on the money as far as righteousness was concerned. Maybe they said or thought a few things that they would regret in the light of day. Kids will be kids. Even kids old enough to have their own houses and host parties will sometimes act like kids and not always act wisely.

Job’s kids were sinners; Job knew that. He was not under any illusions that they were perfect, but he also knew that they were not evil kids; they were not kids who cursed God in the English sense of the word cursed. The translation colors them false. The most they were likely guilty of was a careless joy that ran the risk of crossing wisdom’s line. And the cause of their carelessness was a celebration with siblings. How many parents would like to have Job’s problems here? Ten children who loved each other enough to have a blast together regularly, hosting each other in homes that, in all likelihood, they had helped each other build.

Job on Fatherhood

We have addressed a common misinterpretation of Job 1:4–5, but what can we positively learn from this discussion?

Job is not a book about fatherhood. But God commended Job highly, without qualification, and since we do get a glimpse of his style of fatherhood, we can probably learn a thing or two from his example.

The first thing that stands out is that he must have been doing a pretty good job of it so far: his family was close-knit and loving. Job 1:4 says that each son took turns holding feasts each on his day. This phrase is a little ambiguous. It can simply mean that they took turns. Or it can mean that each hosted their personal birthday celebration—his day being his special day, his birthday.

Verse five talks about how the feasts would run their course before Job engaged with his children, which suggests that these might have been multi-day affairs, further supporting an interpretation that these parties were irregular events for special occasions. Regardless, we can learn that Job must have been the kind of father that helped nurture bonds among his children that lasted into adulthood.

In particular, it is worth noting that Job would not crash these parties and attempt to micromanage his children’s celebrations. He would let the feasts run their course. Then he would send for them the next day, not after a long delay but definitely after everything had wrapped up. And he would make a sacrifice for each of them. What did he sacrifice? A lamb? An ox? Whatever the case, he had ten children and he sacrificed for each of them. Job spent money on their purification. He spent material goods and significant time ensuring that his children remained spiritually pure. How many parents meet with their adult children ten times a year for a time of focused spiritual renewal for the good of their children? How many parents invest not just time but attention and material goods into their adult children’s spiritual welfare? This wasn’t a case of Thanksgiving or Easter, mom in the kitchen with the turkey, dad on the couch with a game on the TV. This was an engaged dad, off the couch, in his adult children’s lives, still providing care, attention, and guidance that was not about a lecture but rather about his own personal financial sacrifice and a time of collective prayer to God.

Job was a good person. This was Job’s regular custom. He did this continually. Job ran a huge operation, but being a busy career guy did not stop him from being a dad. He had good fatherly habits. He was a good soul.

And now the trouble comes.

1 English Standard Version. See Appendix: Explanation Regarding Biblical Quotations and Copyright Rules for an explanation of which English translations are used in various sections of this book.

2 See Reyburn, William D.1992. A Handbook on the Book of Job. 30-31. New York. United Bible Societies as well as Janzen, Gerald J 1932. Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching. 34-37. Atlanta. John Knox Press.

3 Per Green, William Henry. 1999. Conflict and Triumph: The Argument of the Book of Job Unfolded. 11-12. Edinburgh. The Banner of Truth Trust.

2

Know Your Enemy

What happens next

in the book of Job is what my fiction editor likes to call the inciting incident. This is the scene that kicks into gear everything else that follows.

⁶Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present