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    Psychology Worlds Issue 7: How Does University Work? A University Guide For Psychology Students: Psychology Worlds, #7
    Psychology Worlds Issue 7: How Does University Work? A University Guide For Psychology Students: Psychology Worlds, #7
    Psychology Worlds Issue 7: How Does University Work? A University Guide For Psychology Students: Psychology Worlds, #7
    Ebook158 pages2 hoursPsychology Worlds

    Psychology Worlds Issue 7: How Does University Work? A University Guide For Psychology Students: Psychology Worlds, #7

    By Connor Whiteley

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    About this ebook

    Over 34,000 words of psychological knowledge, theory and practice by bestselling writer Connor Whiteley in one great collection. If you want great, fascinating information covering a wide range of psychological topics you NEED to buy this issue!

    BUY NOW!

    Issue 7 contains two brilliant full-length psychology books:

    • How Does University Work?
    • The Forensic Psychology of Theft, Burglary and Property Crime

    AND contains 5 enthralling blog posts:

    • How Success Can Change Personality?
    • Introduction To FBI Profiling
    • Lessons Learnt From Over 100 Episodes of A Psychology Podcast
    • What Parents Should Know About Screen Time?
    • What To Say To Someone When Someone Dies?

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    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherCGD Publishing
    Release dateJul 7, 2023
    ISBN9798215436950
    Psychology Worlds Issue 7: How Does University Work? A University Guide For Psychology Students: Psychology Worlds, #7
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    Author

    Connor Whiteley

    Hello, I'm Connor Whiteley, I am an 18-year-old who loves to write creatively, and I wrote my Brownsea trilogy when I was 14 years old after I went to Brownsea Island on a scout camp. At the camp, I started to think about how all the broken tiles and pottery got there and somehow a trilogy got created.Moreover, I love writing fantasy and sci-fi novels because you’re only limited by your imagination.In addition, I'm was an Explorer Scout and I love camping, sailing and other outdoor activities as well as cooking.Furthermore, I do quite a bit of charity work as well. For example: in early 2018 I was a part of a youth panel which was involved in creating a report with research to try and get government funding for organised youth groups and through this panel. I was invited to Prince Charles’ 70th birthday party and how some of us got in the royal photograph.Finally, I am going to university and I hope to get my doctorate in clinical psychology in a few years.

    Read more from Connor Whiteley

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      Book preview

      Psychology Worlds Issue 7 - Connor Whiteley

      INTRODUCTION

      As we start moving into the wonderful summer months, I can almost guarantee there are a few different types of readers this month. There are some psychology students and professionals that are really looking forward to the summer months and are focused on that. If you’re a psychology student then you would have just finished another or maybe your final year at university. If you’re a professional then maybe you’re looking forward to the warmer weather.

      I know as a freshly graduated psychology student, I am seriously looking forward to the summer months, warmer weather and being able to crack on with a lot of fun projects.

      The reason why I mention this, is simply because over the next three issues of the magazine, that will take us into September for the start of the new academic year, the main book in each issue will be something very different to the normal psychology books.

      They’ll be university focused ones.

      And this all came about because of my academic placement year where I wrote a lot of interesting blogs and articles for university students so I adapted them and put them into very useful university guides.

      Therefore, if you’re a brand-new university student or going into university this year then you’ll learn a lot about being a university student, what to expect and more.

      If you’re not a new student or a student at all, there are still plenty of great books and resources in this issue for you to learn from and enjoy. Including some personal favourites of mine, for example, what parents should know about screen time, how can success change personality and many more brilliant topics to cover.

      This is the perfect issue to kick off the summer months with, so let’s turn over the page and dive into some great psychology topics.

      CRIMINAL PROFILING: AN INTRODUCTION TO FBI INTRODUCTION

      Welcome to the first type of profiling, we’ll be looking at in the book. This is the style of profiling that has been adorned and made famous by Hollywood, TV and movies all over the world.

      However, like most things in TV and movies they get it wrong. So, let’s look at what real FBI profiling is like.

      Overall, profiling as practised by the FBI has failed to convince many psychologists of its effectiveness and this is the focus of the book, or at least this first part.

      Generally, profiling is about predicting the characteristics of offenders.

      I think this sounds great because it would be useful to know what characteristics the police need to look for. Since this would save the police time, money, and resources. Yet the truth is far from that simple.

      ––––––––

      Profiling as A Broad Term:

      If I asked you ‘What is Profiling?’ what would you say?

      Chances are you would say it’s what they do on TV. And you would be right and wrong.

      Due to a lot of profilers don’t understand the board term of ‘profiling’. This is only reinforced by Horant and Kennedy (1998) who defined the following 3 types of profiles and these should be carefully separated.

      Firstly, you have what’s known as crime scene profiling. This is where profilers use information from the crime scene to create a full picture of the unknown offender. Like, physical evidence.

      Secondly, you have offender profiling. This is probably the type of profiling you see on TV and in movies. Where the profilers use a collection of empirical data to collate a picture of the characteristics of the offenders in a particular type of crime.

      The final type of profiling is what’s known as psychological profiling. I know a lot of people think this is the only think psychology does, but it isn’t. Since this is a type of profiling where profilers use standard personality questionnaires and interviews to determine if the person matches the known personality of a certain type of offender.

      Therefore, there is absolutely no surprise that there’s confusion about ‘profiling’. Especially, when we consider how board profiling can be.

      Viewpoints in Profiling:

      As I write this book and I’m only on the third page, I had no idea I was going to be this passionate about the topic. But I might as well continue.

      So, in profiling, there are two opposing viewpoints about what profiling should be. The first viewpoint is profiling is akin to clinical judgement which is informed by research but ultimately subjective. Due to the psychologist uses their expert opinion and the data to create the profile. This is what the FBI style of profiling uses.

      Although, I need to say because my main background is in clinical psychology. There is a massive difference between clinical judgement and profiling. In clinical judgement, a psychotherapist uses a strong research base to inform their decisions. And as we’ll see later in the book, FBI profiling could be considered lacking in its research base.

      In addition, in an area in clinical psychology called: Formulation. A psychotherapist would work with a client to create the clinical judgement. That’s the simplified version because the client (mental health sufferer) brings the expertise in themselves. Whereas in FBI profiling you cannot work with an offender to create their profile because you often don’t know who the offender is.

      The other viewpoint is profiling must be informed by research and must be objective. This is a very important viewpoint for later in the book.

      In the book, we’ll look at both of these approaches to get a full picture of profiling.

      Misconceptions and Profiling in Courts:

      I know I’ve mentioned it already but there are so many misconceptions about profiling in TV, books, media and films.

      As a result, some of these portray profilers as amazing people who can get great insights from small amounts of data.

      In reality, they can’t.

      Whilst other media portrays profilers as flawed individuals.

      However, something else these types of media teaches us is the importance of profiles to the criminal justice system all over the world. Yet in many countries, including the USA, profiling isn’t particularly allowed in court unless you can prove it’s based on data and not subjective opinions. Even then courts aren’t too enthusiastic about profiles.

      Bringing us back to the question of profiling’s effectiveness in the real world.

      ––––––––

      HOW SUCCESS CAN CHANGE PERSONALITY?

      Our personality can affect our behaviour in a lot of different ways. In this great personality psychology episode, we’ll see how success can change a person’s personality and behaviour! This is a great episode!

      The Five-Factor Model Of Personality

      Proposed by Robert McCrae and Paul Costa, the Five-Factor Model of Personality, in essence, proposes that humans have five basic personality dimensions and the individuals differences between people are down to the varying levels of these different dimensions. As well as personality traits a part of different personality dimensions.

      See Personality Psychology and Individual Differences for more information.

      In addition, these personality dimensions are: Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, Extraversion, Conscientiousness and agreeableness. I’ll talk about what each of these are in a moment and how they relate to success.

      How Success Can Change Personality?

      Each of these Five Factors of Personality are related to success and success can change these dimensions in different ways.

      Neuroticism

      This personality dimension is related to how people deal with worry and stress. As well as people high in this personality trait tend to have maladaptive strategies to deal with stress.

      Sounds familiar with clinical psychology, doesn’t it?

      Linking this to success, people high in neuroticism don’t tend to achieve very much in their career because neuroticism hinders their abilities.

      Although, some people with higher neuroticism can manage to achieve success because they learn to suppress their tendencies to worry less and learn better management strategies so they can deal with stress and worry better.

      Openness to Experience

      Our next personality trait is all about how much people are willing to accept new ideas and experience new things. This makes it great for success because people high in this personality trait are more likely to be successful and think outside the box to come up with innovative new solutions to problems in their career.

      Extroversion

      Interestingly, it appears that whilst extroversion may lead to increased success at first. Over success can lead to decreased levels of extroversion. Researchers have suggested this is because the successful people may depend less on the support of others meaning they have less sociable demands.

      In other words, extroverts become successful because of their ability to bond with people and radiate so-called positive vibes. But when they get successful and let’s say becomes a manager there’s a power shift so the extrovert can’t rely on other people anymore. Potentially starving the extrovert of the energy they crave since extroverts tend to get their energy from other people.

      Conscientiousness

      Related to carefulness and diligence, people high in this personality trait actually tend to earn lower incomes because these people tend to seek out conventional jobs. As well as they tend to be less likely to ascend the career ladder.

      Equally, the people are high in this personality trait and end up in high career positions, interestingly enough they aren’t too interested in the little details. Resulting in success leading to a decrease in conscientiousness.

      Agreeableness

      You can guess what this personality dimension is about because of the name but this is where research gets very muddy. Some research says it’s best to be nice to others and prosocial to get ahead. Other research says it’s best to be ruthless to ascend the career ladder.

      However, the general idea is people high in agreeableness tend to have low starting salaries but then they can ascend the career ladder. With their prosocial side kicking in when they’re raised to a position of power because they no longer have to climb over people.

      Conclusion:

      Overall, personality psychology is a great and very interesting area to study. And as today’s episode has shown our personality can affect our success and our success can affect our personality.

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