The World in Your Hands: A Guide to Every Nation. Vol 05: The World in Your Hands: A Guide to Every Nation., #5

Summary:

Introducing the ultimate guide to exploring the world, All Countries of the World. This comprehensive book provides a wealth of information on every country on the planet, covering all aspects of their history, language, food, sports, nature, arts, religion, economy, education, people, culture, music, interesting facts, and geography. Each chapter dives deep into the unique features and characteristics of each country, providing insights into what makes them special and how they contribute to the diversity of our world.

Whether you're an avid traveler, a curious learner, or simply someone who wants to expand their knowledge of the world, All Countries of the World is the perfect resource for you. With detailed information, this book will take you on a journey across the globe, discovering new and exciting places along the way.

To test your comprehension and enhance your learning, multiple choice questions are provided at the end of each country's description, with answers included. Get ready to embark on an adventure like no other with All Countries of the World - the ultimate guide to exploring the world's rich and diverse cultures.

Note: The text are designed to enhance learning. While the text may not explicitly provide the answers to these questions in some cases, it can provide clues that help to make educated guesses. It is possible that the answers can be found in the text, or they may require additional research.

In other words, the questions are intended to help readers develop a deeper understanding of the text by encouraging them to think critically and engage with the material. By considering the information provided in the text and using it to make informed guesses about the answers, readers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the topic at hand.

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Table of contents:

Summary:

081) Ireland

082) Israel

083)Italy

084) Jamaica

085) Japan

086) Jordan

087) Kazakhstan

088) Kenya

089) Kiribati

090) Kosovo

091) Kuwait

092) Kyrgyzstan

093) Laos

094) Latvia

095) Lebanon

096) Lesotho

097) Liberia

098) Libya

099) Liechtenstein

100) Lithuania

081) Ireland

History

Ireland has a rich and complex history that stretches back thousands of years. The island has been inhabited since prehistoric times, and over the centuries, it has been shaped by the arrival of different peoples, the rise and fall of empires, and numerous political and cultural upheavals.

One of the earliest known inhabitants of Ireland were the Celts, who arrived on the island around 500 BCE. They established a rich culture that included art, music, and storytelling, and they left behind many impressive ancient monuments, such as the standing stones at Newgrange and the Hill of Tara.

In the 5th century, Christianity arrived in Ireland, brought by Saint Patrick, who became the patron saint of the country. Monasteries were established throughout the island, and Irish monks became known for their scholarship and creativity. During the 9th century, the Viking raids began, and the Norsemen established settlements in Dublin, Waterford, and other coastal towns.

In the 12th century, the Normans invaded Ireland and established a feudal system of governance. This led to centuries of conflict between the Irish chieftains and the English crown, with numerous rebellions and uprisings. The most famous of these was the 1916 Easter Rising, which led to the establishment of the independent Irish Free State in 1922.

Throughout the 20th century, Ireland underwent significant social and cultural changes, including the legalization of divorce and contraception, and the recognition of the Irish language as an official language of the country. Today, Ireland is a modern and vibrant country that is known for its rich culture, friendly people, and stunning natural beauty.

Language

The official language of Ireland is Irish, also known as Gaelic or Gaeilge. English is also widely spoken and is the main language of communication in the country. However, Irish is still an important part of Irish culture, and efforts have been made to promote its use and preserve its heritage.

Irish is a Celtic language, and it has its own unique features and pronunciation. The Irish alphabet consists of 18 letters, with some letters including diacritical marks that change their sound. For example, the letter a with a fada (á) is pronounced differently than the letter a without it.

Irish also has several dialects, including Munster Irish, Connacht Irish, and Ulster Irish. These dialects vary in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, and are often influenced by the local history and culture of the region.

The Irish government has made efforts to promote the use of Irish in education and government, with Irish being a mandatory subject in primary and secondary schools. There are also Irish-language television channels and radio stations in the country. However, despite these efforts, English remains the dominant language in most areas of Irish life.

People

Ireland has produced many famous people throughout its history, including writers, musicians, artists, scientists, and political leaders. Here are some notable figures from the country:

William Butler Yeats: One of the most famous poets of the 20th century, Yeats was born in Dublin in 1865. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1923 and is known for his contributions to the Irish Literary Revival.

Bono: Born Paul David Hewson in Dublin in 1960, Bono is the lead singer of the rock band U2. He is also an activist and philanthropist, working on issues such as poverty, AIDS, and climate change.

James Joyce: Born in Dublin in 1882, Joyce is considered one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. His novel Ulysses is often hailed as a masterpiece of modernist literature.

Mary Robinson: Robinson was the first woman to be elected President of Ireland, serving from 1990 to 1997. She is also a former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and is known for her work on issues such as climate change and women's rights.

Bram Stoker: Born in Dublin in 1847, Stoker is the author of the classic horror novel Dracula. His work has had a lasting impact on popular culture and has inspired countless adaptations in film, television, and theater.

Michael Collins: A leader of the Irish War of Independence and one of the signatories of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, Collins was instrumental in the establishment of the Irish Free State. He was assassinated in 1922 during the Irish Civil War.

Samuel Beckett: Born in Dublin in 1906, Beckett is known for his contributions to modernist literature and theater. His play Waiting for Godot is considered a masterpiece of the genre.

Culture

Ireland has a rich and vibrant culture, steeped in history, customs, and traditions. The country's culture is deeply influenced by its Celtic heritage and its Christian roots, as well as its long and complex relationship with England.

One of Ireland's most famous cultural achievements is its literature. From ancient sagas and myths to modern novels and poetry, Irish literature has produced some of the world's greatest writers, including James Joyce, W.B. Yeats, Oscar Wilde, and Samuel Beckett. Irish music is also a vital part of the country's culture, with traditional Irish instruments like the fiddle, tin whistle, and bodhrán (a type of drum) playing a central role in many traditional Irish songs and dances.

Ireland's architecture is also noteworthy, with many historic buildings and structures dotting the country's landscapes. These include ancient ruins such as the Rock of Cashel and the Hill of Tara, as well as more recent structures like the Gothic-style St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin and the colorful row houses that line the streets of many Irish towns.

In terms of customs and traditions, Ireland has a rich and varied cultural heritage that spans many centuries. One of the most important traditions is the Irish language, which is still spoken by a small but dedicated community of speakers. Other customs and traditions include the country's love of storytelling and its strong sense of community, as well as its many festivals and celebrations.

Some of Ireland's most famous festivals and holidays include St. Patrick's Day, which is celebrated around the world as a celebration of Irish culture and heritage, and the Galway International Arts Festival, which showcases the best of contemporary Irish and international art and culture. Other notable celebrations include the Lisdoonvarna Matchmaking Festival, which has been bringing single people together for over 150 years, and the Puck Fair in County Kerry, which involves the crowning of a wild mountain goat as the King of the Fair for three days of revelry and merrymaking.

In terms of social norms and etiquette, Ireland has a relaxed and informal culture that values friendliness, hospitality, and a good sense of humor. Visitors to the country are often struck by the warmth and generosity of the Irish people, as well as their love of conversation and storytelling.

Overall, Ireland's culture is a rich tapestry of history, art, music, and tradition, woven together with a strong sense of community and a deep appreciation for the natural beauty of the country's landscapes. Whether you're exploring the ancient ruins of the Boyne Valley, taking in a traditional Irish music session in a cozy pub, or celebrating with locals at one of the country's many festivals and fairs, Ireland offers a warm welcome and a truly unique cultural experience.

Interesting Facts

Ireland is also known as the Emerald Isle, thanks to its lush green landscapes.

The harp is the national emblem of Ireland and appears on official government documents, coins, and even the Guinness logo.

The Cliffs of Moher, located on Ireland's west coast, are one of the country's most popular tourist attractions, with dramatic cliffs that soar up to 702 feet above the Atlantic Ocean.

Dublin, Ireland's capital city, was founded by Vikings in the 9th century.

Ireland is home to the oldest pub in Europe, Sean's Bar in Athlone, which has been serving drinks since the year 900.

St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland, wasn't actually Irish - he was born in Britain.

The Book of Kells, an illuminated manuscript containing the four Gospels, was created by monks in Ireland around 800 AD and is considered one of the world's greatest works of medieval art.

The Titanic, the infamous ship that famously sank in 1912, was built in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

The Irish flag consists of three colors - green, white, and orange - which represent the country's Gaelic and Anglo-Norman traditions, as well as the Protestant minority in Northern Ireland.

Ireland has a long history of literary excellence, with famous authors such as James Joyce, W.B. Yeats, and Samuel Beckett hailing from the country.

Music

Music has a rich history and cultural significance in Ireland, with traditional Irish music being an integral part of the country's heritage. The traditional music of Ireland has a distinctive sound and is often characterized by the use of instruments such as the fiddle, bodhrán (a type of drum), tin whistle, and uilleann pipes (a type of bagpipe).

Traditional Irish music is often played at social gatherings such as weddings, ceilidhs (a type of traditional dance), and in pubs. Many Irish musicians have gained international recognition, including The Chieftains, a traditional Irish band who have won several Grammy awards, and Enya, a singer-songwriter known for her ethereal music.

In addition to traditional music, Ireland also has a thriving contemporary music scene, with many popular genres such as rock, pop, and country being well-represented. Country music, in particular, has gained a significant following in Ireland, with many Irish musicians achieving success both domestically and internationally.

One of the most popular Irish country music singers is Daniel O'Donnell, who has sold millions of albums worldwide and has a large fan base in Ireland and beyond. Other notable Irish country music artists include Nathan Carter, Derek Ryan, and Lisa McHugh.

In recent years, Irish country music has undergone a revival, with new artists bringing a fresh sound and style to the genre. The popularity of country music in Ireland is reflected in the number of country music festivals and events that take place throughout the country each year, including the annual Country Music Festival in Enniskillen and the Harvest Country Music Festival in Westport.

Overall, music is an important part of Irish culture, with traditional Irish music playing a significant role in the country's heritage. In addition to traditional music, Ireland has a thriving contemporary music scene, with country music being a particularly popular genre.

Education

The education system in Ireland is well-regarded and has a strong focus on academic achievement. The system is divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary education, with children attending primary school from age 4 or 5, and secondary school from age 12 or 13. Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 16.

Ireland has a high literacy rate, with approximately 99% of the population being able to read and write. The country also has a strong tradition of education and scholarship, with several notable universities and research institutions.

The largest and most well-known university in Ireland is Trinity College Dublin, which was founded in 1592 and is located in the heart of Dublin city. Other prominent universities include University College Dublin, the National University of Ireland, and Dublin City University. These institutions offer a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs in fields such as business, science, engineering, arts, and humanities.

In addition to traditional universities, Ireland also has several world-renowned research institutions, including the Tyndall National Institute and the Insight Centre for Data Analytics. These institutions conduct cutting-edge research in fields such as science, engineering, and technology.

Ireland's educational policies are focused on providing high-quality education to all students, regardless of their background or socioeconomic status. The government provides funding and resources to support disadvantaged students, and there is a strong emphasis on promoting equality and diversity in education.

Overall, the education system in Ireland is well-regarded and has a strong focus on academic achievement. The country has several notable universities and research institutions, and the government is committed to providing high-quality education to all students.

Economy

Ireland's economy is primarily based on exports, with a focus on technology, pharmaceuticals, and financial services. The country has experienced significant economic growth in recent decades, becoming one of the wealthiest nations in Europe.

The technology sector is one of the largest and most important industries in Ireland's economy, with companies such as Google, Facebook, and Apple maintaining a significant presence in the country. The pharmaceutical industry is also a major contributor, with several large companies such as Pfizer and GlaxoSmithKline operating in Ireland. Additionally, Ireland's financial services sector is growing, with Dublin emerging as a major hub for international banking and finance.

Ireland's exports include a range of goods and services, including computer hardware and software, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and financial services. The country's primary trading partners include the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union.

Despite its success in recent years, Ireland faces several challenges in maintaining its economic growth. One of the biggest challenges is Brexit, which has created uncertainty for Irish businesses that rely on trade with the United Kingdom. Additionally, the country's high dependence on foreign investment and exports makes it vulnerable to external economic shocks. Finally, Ireland must also address issues related to income inequality and affordable housing, which have become major concerns in recent years.

In conclusion, Ireland's economy is driven by its technology, pharmaceutical, and financial services sectors, with a focus on exports. The country has experienced significant economic growth in recent decades, but it faces several challenges related to Brexit, external economic shocks, and social issues such as income inequality and affordable housing. Despite these challenges, Ireland remains a prosperous and dynamic economy with many opportunities for growth and development.

Religion

The predominant religion in Ireland is Christianity, specifically Roman Catholicism. The Catholic Church has played an important role in the country's history and culture, influencing everything from politics to education to social customs.

Catholicism was first introduced to Ireland in the 5th century by St. Patrick, and since then it has become deeply ingrained in the country's identity. The Catholic Church in Ireland has a long and complex history, with its influence waxing and waning over the centuries. In recent years, the Church has faced significant criticism due to various scandals and controversies, but it remains an important part of Irish life for many people.

One of the most unique practices associated with Catholicism in Ireland is the tradition of pilgrimage. Every year, thousands of people make the journey to sites such as Croagh Patrick in County Mayo or Lough Derg in County Donegal to pray, seek healing, or perform acts of penance. Another important custom is the blessing of the graves, which takes place around All Souls' Day in November. Families gather at cemeteries to clean and decorate the graves of their loved ones, and to pray for their souls.

In addition to Catholicism, there are also smaller communities of Protestants, Muslims, Jews, and other faiths in Ireland. The Protestant community is mainly concentrated in Northern Ireland, where it has played a significant role in the region's history and politics.

Overall, religion continues to be an important part of Irish culture, shaping the country's traditions, customs, and celebrations. While the influence of the Catholic Church has waned in recent years, its impact on Irish society and identity remains significant.

Arts

Ireland has a rich artistic heritage that encompasses a range of disciplines, including literature, painting, sculpture, dance, and theater. Throughout history, Irish artists have been celebrated for their creativity and their ability to capture the essence of Irish culture and identity.

One of the most significant contributions to Irish art is literature, which has produced some of the world's greatest writers, including James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, W.B. Yeats, and Seamus Heaney. Irish literature is characterized by its vivid imagery, lyrical language, and a deep connection to the country's cultural and political history. Many of Ireland's most famous writers have explored themes such as Irish identity, the struggle for independence, and the relationship between the individual and society.

Ireland is also known for its contributions to the visual arts, including painting and sculpture. The country's landscape has been a source of inspiration for many artists, with its rugged coastline, rolling hills, and dramatic mountains providing a wealth of subject matter. Notable Irish artists include Jack B. Yeats, Paul Henry, and Louis le Brocquy, all of whom have left a lasting legacy on the Irish art scene.

Dance and theater are also important parts of Irish culture, with traditional Irish dance and music being recognized around the world. Irish dance is characterized by its fast footwork and lively rhythms, while traditional Irish music is known for its use of instruments such as the fiddle, tin whistle, and bodhran. Irish theater has also produced some of the world's most celebrated playwrights, including Samuel Beckett, Brian Friel, and Conor McPherson.

In conclusion, Ireland has a rich and varied artistic heritage that encompasses literature, painting, sculpture, dance, and theater. The country's writers, artists, and performers have made significant contributions to their respective fields, and their work continues to inspire and captivate audiences around the world. Ireland's artistic heritage is a testament to the country's cultural richness and its ability to produce world-class talent across a range of disciplines.

Nature

Ireland is a country renowned for its stunning natural beauty, from rugged coastlines and sandy beaches to rolling green hills and dramatic mountains. The country is home to several national parks and nature reserves, as well as a diverse range of wildlife.

One of the most beautiful natural features in Ireland is the Cliffs of Moher, located on the west coast of the country. These towering cliffs rise over 200 meters above the Atlantic Ocean and provide breathtaking views of the sea and surrounding countryside. The cliffs are a popular destination for tourists and are also home to a variety of seabirds, including puffins, guillemots, and razorbills.

Another popular natural feature in Ireland is the Ring of Kerry, a scenic drive that takes visitors through some of the country's most spectacular landscapes. The route winds through rolling hills, along dramatic coastlines, and past picturesque towns and villages. Along the way, visitors can admire views of the Skellig Islands, the Gap of Dunloe, and the Lakes of Killarney.

Ireland is also home to several national parks and nature reserves, including Killarney National Park, Burren National Park, and Glenveagh National Park. These parks offer visitors the opportunity to explore some of the country's most beautiful and unspoiled natural areas, with a range of hiking trails, wildlife viewing opportunities, and stunning scenery.

The country's wildlife is also diverse and includes a variety of species, both on land and in the water. Ireland is home to several species of mammals, including red deer, otters, and badgers, as well as a variety of birds, such as the golden eagle, peregrine falcon, and barn owl. The waters around Ireland are also home to a variety of marine life, including whales, dolphins, and seals.

In conclusion, Ireland is a country of stunning natural beauty, with a range of landscapes, national parks, and wildlife. The Cliffs of Moher, the Ring of Kerry, and the country's national parks are just a few examples of the natural wonders that can be found in Ireland. The country's diverse wildlife also adds to its natural beauty, providing visitors with the opportunity to experience some of the country's most beautiful and unspoiled areas.

Sports

Sports are an important part of Irish culture, with a long history and passionate fanbase. Ireland has a rich sporting heritage, with many traditional games still played today alongside modern sports.

Gaelic games, which include Gaelic football and hurling, are the most popular sports in Ireland. Gaelic football is played with a round ball and involves kicking and hand-passing the ball, with the objective of scoring points by kicking the ball over the crossbar or into the net. Hurling is a fast-paced game played with a stick called a hurley and a small ball called a sliotar. Gaelic games are deeply embedded in Irish culture, with the All-Ireland Championships attracting huge crowds and passionate supporters.

Rugby union is also a popular sport in Ireland, with the national team regularly competing in international tournaments such as the Six Nations and the Rugby World Cup. Rugby is considered a sport for the elite and is highly regarded by many Irish people.

Association football, or soccer, is also popular in Ireland, with the national team competing in international competitions such as the UEFA European Championships and the FIFA World Cup. However, the sport does not hold the same cultural significance as Gaelic games or rugby union.

Other popular sports in Ireland include golf, horse racing, and boxing. Golf has a long history in Ireland, with world-renowned courses such as the Old Course at St Andrews and Royal Portrush attracting visitors from around the world. Horse racing is also popular, with several major races such as the Irish Derby and the Galway Races attracting large crowds. Boxing has produced several world-class fighters from Ireland, including Steve Collins, Barry McGuigan, and Katie Taylor.

Sports play a significant role in Irish culture, providing a sense of community, pride, and identity. Gaelic games are deeply rooted in Irish history and identity, reflecting the country's Celtic heritage and rural traditions. Rugby union is also regarded as an important sport, reflecting Ireland's position as a modern, affluent country. Sports events provide an opportunity for people from different backgrounds to come together and celebrate their shared love of sport.

In conclusion, Ireland has a rich sporting heritage, with Gaelic games, rugby union, and soccer being the most popular sports. Sports play an important role in Irish culture, providing a sense of community and identity. Gaelic games, in particular, reflect Ireland's rural traditions and Celtic heritage, while rugby union and soccer reflect the country's modern and affluent status.

Food

Irish cuisine has a rich history and has evolved over centuries, influenced by the country's geography, climate, and culture. Traditional Irish dishes are hearty and comforting, often featuring simple ingredients that reflect the country's agricultural heritage.

One of the most iconic Irish dishes is Irish stew, which typically consists of lamb or mutton, potatoes, onions, and carrots, cooked together in a flavorful broth. Another popular dish is colcannon, which is made with mashed potatoes, kale or cabbage, butter, and cream. Boxty, a potato pancake, is also a staple of Irish cuisine, with variations including savory or sweet fillings such as bacon, cheese, or apple.

Seafood is also an important part of Irish cuisine, with the country's long coastline providing a bounty of fresh fish and shellfish. Popular seafood dishes include smoked salmon, crab claws, and mussels. Fish and chips, which originated in the United Kingdom but is a popular dish in Ireland as well, is typically made with cod or haddock, served with thick-cut fries and a side of tartar sauce.

Irish breakfast is a traditional meal that typically includes eggs, sausages, black and white pudding, bacon, mushrooms, tomatoes, and toast. Black pudding, made from pork blood, oats, and spices, is a regional specialty and a key ingredient in the full Irish breakfast.

In terms of beverages, Guinness is the most famous Irish drink, a dark stout beer that has become a symbol of Irish culture. Whiskey is also an important part of Irish cuisine, with a range of brands and styles produced