The problems of employment and unemployment are among the most pressing issues of our time.

According to the Federal State Statistics Service, in January 2013 the employment rate was 64.2% and the unemployment rate was 6.0%. Today, when market relations are rapidly developing in Russia, the phenomenon of unemployment is inevitable. Unemployment deprives many of their livelihoods. This gives rise to a number of other problems (poverty, drug addiction, alcoholism, a large number of orphans). In this regard, the mortality rate in the country is directly increasing.

This problem is widespread both in the city and in the countryside. Under these conditions, a number of complex factors affect the employment of the rural population - the total number of the economically active population, the rovision of enterprises with land, raw materials and material and technical resources, the entrepreneurial activity of rural residents and the degree of development of the business environment, the development of industrial and social infrastructure.

According to official statistics for January 2013, the employment rate in the city was 66.1%, and in rural areas - 58.4%. In turn, the unemployment rate also differs and amounts to 4.8% and 9.7%, respectively. This means that the problem of unemployment continues to exist and is far from resolved. Therefore, an attempt was made to study employment and unemployment in urban and rural areas in modern conditions.

Among unemployed citizens of urban and rural areas, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire survey.

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