The Atlantic Ocean, once a vast and impassable frontier, became the cradle of a new civilization in the early modern era. From the daring voyages of explorers like Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and John Cabot to the rise of sprawling empires that reshaped the world, the Atlantic world emerged as a dynamic and interconnected space where peoples, cultures, and economies collided and fused. This book, The Birth of Atlantic Civilization: From Exploration to Empires, traces the extraordinary transformation of the Atlantic basin into a crucible of global change between the 15th and 18th centuries.

But Atlantic civilization was not merely a product of European ambition. Indigenous peoples, African kingdoms, and mixed-race communities played active roles in shaping this new world, resisting exploitation, negotiating power, and creating hybrid cultures that defied simple categorization. The rise of plantation economies, the spread of revolutionary ideas, and the eventual collapse of colonial systems all contributed to the making of a distinct Atlantic identity—one marked by both oppression and resilience, exploitation and innovation.

This book explores the complex interplay of exploration, empire-building, and cultural exchange that defined the Atlantic world. By examining the political, economic, and social forces at work, we uncover how a once-divided ocean

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